CLOUD Act
The Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act (2018), a US federal law that allows US law enforcement agencies to compel US-headquartered technology companies to provide data stored on their servers, regardless of where those servers are physically located. This means data stored by AWS, Google Cloud, Microsoft Azure, or any US-headquartered SaaS provider can be accessed by US authorities even if the server is in Singapore, Dubai, London, or any other jurisdiction.
Context
The CLOUD Act is the primary driver of data sovereignty concerns for non-US fund managers. Managers who have relocated from the US or UK to Dubai, Singapore, or other jurisdictions specifically to avoid such reach find their data exposed if they use US-headquartered cloud services.
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